Had the exact same A.810/A.820 combo on a Sigma-7 running a 200-ton Komatsu last year. The A.810 was the battery like everyone says, but the A.820 turned out to be heat-related -- the encoder was mounted right next to a hydraulic line and the internal temp was cooking it. Moved the hydraulic line 6 inches and added a small heat shield, no more A.820.
One thing I would add -- if you are getting A.820 intermittently, check the encoder connector pins with a loupe. I have seen corroded pins cause the same symptom -- checksum fails when the connection resistance drifts. Clean the pins with DeoxIT and see if it clears up before you order a new encoder.